![]() ![]() Malaysia, a country located in Southeast Asia, has a tropical climate that is teeming with a constellation of venomous land and sea creatures. Fields of medicine and zoology often require these distinctions to help with toxicology and treatment. Hence, it is widely understood that a venomous animal is one that possesses a specialised gland and tissue to inject or transfer their biologically made toxin in the body of another organism. Others inject their venom via forward facing holes at the tips of fangs (such as in the Naja Sp. Some organisms regularly bite or sting their provokers and this is seen in many land and sea animals (such as the spiders, bees and blue ringed octopus). Although the majority of these apparatus are spindle or needle-like in nature, some species may transfer their venom through toxin covered tentacles such as the Cnidaria species (Jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones and corals). It is simply a poison that is biologically produced within organisms. Alternatively, venoms are toxins that are intentionally injected into another organism via specialized active apparatus. However, the classical interpretation of poisons is toxins that are consumed or passively exposed over a period of time. Similarly, they both encompass multiple and chemically distinct toxins. Following this, venoms and poisons are both forms of toxins but differ in definition based on delivery and origins. These metabolic products have evolved in part due to the need for self-defence within these species. Toxins are developed within living cells and are hence secreted by many microorganisms, invertebrates, plants and animals. It is an umbrella term that categorizes substances which cause pathophysiological damage to other organisms if exposed in biologically relevant amounts. ![]() Toxins are defined as compounds that chemically harm other organisms on a molecular level. It is important to clarify the definition of toxin, venom and poison which are easily confused with each other. Both of these scenarios predispose mankind to the encounter of animals, some of which may carry poison or venom and cause significant harm. Unfortunately, some areas which are not conserved experience deforestation and destruction of animal’s homeland. This includes Malaysia, with its magnificent rainforests, mangrove swamps, beautiful seas and the rich biodiversity that lives in it. The success in conservation and increase in number of nature reserves see the repopulation of wildlife across the country. Envenomation by animal is a common problem across all nations. ![]()
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